The Pharmacology of Drugs Used During Procedural Moderate Sedation

Topics:

I. Pharmacological characteristics of:

A. Ketamine
B. Propofol (Diprivan), fospropofol(Lusedra)
C. Barbiturates and chloral hydrate
D. Narcotics- Fentanyl and Friends
E. Sedatives – Midazolam and Friends

II. The Use of Local Anesthetics

III. Adjuvant Drugs

A. Glycopyrrolate/Atropine
B. Naloxone
C. Flumazenil
D. Ondansetron and friends
E. Cardiovascular stimulants

Behavioral/Learning Objectives:

1. Describe the mechanisms of action of common drugs used for procedural sedation.
2. Explain the potential use of automated drug administration systems.
3. Outline appropriate parameters within which nurses may administer and monitor the administration of propofol or similar agents.
4. Identify the major physiological effects expected following the intravenous administration of narcotics and/or sedatives.
5. Describe the symptoms associated with local anesthetic toxicity and outline the treatment necessary.
6. Identify appropriate situations in which the use of reversal agents may be necessary.